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Abstract Objective To evaluate the impacts of a nutritional education intervention for patients with multiple chronic conditions during smoking cessation. Methods The non-probabilistic sample comprised 18 adults and seniors of both sexes recruited from a smoking cessation treatment group. At the beginning of treatment, smoking history, degree of dependence, and stage of motivation were assessed. Degree of craving was evaluated weekly for the 1st month. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were conducted at baseline, at 1 month, and at 3 months. Dietary intake was assessed with the "How is your diet?" questionnaire. The nutritional intervention was delivered in three sessions. The themes covered were energy balance and physical activity, healthy eating, and the importance of fruit and vegetables in the diet. Statistical analysis was conducted with the Shapiro Wilk test of normality, the paired t test, and the Wilcoxon or Mann-Whitney U tests (significance ≤ 0.05). Results Most people (55.6%) in the intervention group had a high degree of smoking dependence, while the frequency in the control group was 22.2%. Degree of craving decreased significantly after 1 month of treatment (p = 0.017). After 3 months, both groups had a positive variation in mean body weight, although below 3%. In both groups, the average percentage of weight gain was less than 3%, suggesting that delivery of the nutritional education sessions and the nutritionist's use of the protocol proposed by the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) helped to control weight gain. Blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) both increased significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.15 and p = 0.50, respectively). Conclusion Greater proximity and more frequent intervention by a nutritionist assists and encourages healthy eating practices during the smoking cessation process, which can benefit individuals' control of chronic diseases over the long term.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze craving in smokers with cardiovascular comorbidities submitted to a nutritional approach. Methods: Two groups were randomized and submitted to clinical intervention (n = 32): Group 1 (G1, n = 15): ingested 40 g of chocolate containing 70% cocoa/day and behavioral intervention for smoking cessation for one month; Group 2 (G2, n = 17): control group, only behavioral intervention. Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-Brief) - Brazil version measured total craving and its factors. Anthropometric measurements verified the nutritional interference of the procedure and the serum assessment verified the interference of inflammatory processes related to smoking. The study was registered on the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC): RBR-83jr3. Results: After one month, compared to the initial evaluation, the G1 reduced the craving evaluated by the QSU-Brief and its Factors 1 and 2. Total QSU-Brief: 44.27 ± 15.82 x 27.00 ± 18.03 (p = 0.008); Factor 1: 21.90 ± 7.70 x 12.90 ± 8.87 (p = 0.006); Factor 2: 11.90 ± 6.30 x 7.00 ± 6.63 (0.007). G2 showed a reduction in total QSU-Brief and Factor 1, but not in Factor 2. QSU-Brief total 28.17 ± 17.24 x 19.52 ± 9.50 (p = 0.049); Factor 1: 14.47 ± 8.74 x 9.23 ± 6.11 (p = 0.046). Serum levels of cortisol, leptin, serotonin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and insulin did not show differences (p > 0.05). No anthropometric differences were found. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that daily consumption of chocolate for one month (70%) reduced craving in smokers at the beginning of treatment. Chocolate potentiated the well-known effect of behavioral counseling on Factor 1 (pleasurable drug effects) and also interfered with factor 2 (unpleasant withdrawal effects).
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o craving em fumantes com comorbidades cardiovasculares submetidos a uma abordagem nutricional. Métodos: Intervenção clínica (n = 32) com dois grupos randomizados: Grupo 1 (G1, n = 15): recebendo 40 g de chocolate contendo 70% de cacau/dia e intervenção comportamental para cessação do tabagismo por um mês; Grupo 2 (G2, n = 17): grupo controle, recebendo apenas intervenção comportamental pelo mesmo período. O Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-Brief) - versão Brasil foi utilizado para avaliar o craving. As medidas antropométricas verificaram a interferência nutricional do procedimento e a avaliação sérica, a interferência de processos inflamatórios relacionados ao tabagismo. O estudo foi registrado no Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC), RBR-83jr3. Resultados: Um mês depois, comparado à avaliação inicial, o G1 reduziu o craving total e seus fatores (1 e 2). QSU-Brief total: 44,27 ± 15,82 x 27,00 ± 18,03 (p = 0,008); Fator 1: 21,90 ± 7,70 x 12,90 ± 8,87 (p = 0,006); Fator 2: 11,90 ± 6,30 x 7,00 ± 6,63 (0,007). G2: redução no QSU-Brief total e Fator 1, mas não no Fator 2. QSU-Brief total 28,17 ± 17,24 x 19,52 ± 9,50 (p = 0,049); Fator 1: 14,47 ± 8,74 x 9,23 ± 6,11 (p = 0,046). Níveis séricos de cortisol, leptina, serotonina, proteína C-reativa (PCR) e insulina não apresentaram diferenças (p > 0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças antropométricas significativas. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que o consumo diário de chocolate por um mês (70%) reduziu o craving em fumantes no início do tratamento. O chocolate potencializou o conhecido efeito do aconselhamento comportamental sobre o Fator 1 (efeitos prazerosos da droga) e também interferiu no fator 2 (efeitos desagradáveis da abstinência).
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Avaliar a associação entre medidas antropométricas, de composição corporal, bioquímicas e de consumo alimentar em indivíduos com excesso de peso. Métodos: Estudodo tipo transversal, com amostra de conveniência composta por 31 indivíduos, com idade entre 19 e 59 anos. Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas, bioquímicas e análise da composição da dieta. Após, foi calculado o índice de qualidade da dieta (IQD). Na análise estatística, o teste deShapiro-Wilk verificou a distribuição das variáveis, Wilcoxon-Mann- Whitney-U as diferenças entre as variáveis e correlação de Spearman/Pearson rastreou a associação entre os valores. Foi adotado um p com 5% de probabilidade.Resultados: A análise da composição da dieta permitiu observar uma média de consumo acima das Dietary Reference Intakes para carboidrato (323,31±33,11g), proteína (80,15±29,84g), lipídeo(77,42±31,87g) e sódio (2896,99±1119,05mg). Os valores para o IQD variaram entre 2 e 12 pontos, apresentando valor médio de 6,5±2,2. Foram encontradas correlações entre IQD e prega cutânea suprailíaca, colesterol total, e LDL-c (mg/dL), dentre outras. Conclusão:A amostra estudada apresentou um perfil de ingestão alimentar composto por alimentos ricos em carboidratos, lipídeos e sódio. A elevada média da pontuação do IQD (dieta pobre) refletea importância de medidas de intervenção visando à melhoria do padrão alimentar desses indivíduos...
To evaluate the association between the anthropometric and biochemical measures, body composition and food intake in overweight individuals.Methods: Cross- sectional study with a convenience sample of 31 individuals, aged between 19 and 59 years. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed and diet composition was analyzed. The diet quality index (DQI) was then calculated. In the statistical analysis, theShapiro-Wilk test checked the distribution of variables, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U checked the differences between them and Spearman/Pearson correlation tracked the association between the values. It was adopted p with 5% of probability.Results: The diet composition analysis showed an average intake above the Dietary Reference Intakes forcarbohydrate (323.31±33.11g), protein (80.15±29.84g), lipid (77.42±31.87g) and sodium(2,896.99±1,119.05mg). The DQI values varied between 2 and 12 points, with mean value of 6.5 ± 2.2. Correlations were found between DQI and the suprailiac skinfold, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), among others. Conclusion: The sample showed a food intake profile comprising food rich in carbohydrates, lipids and sodium. The high average score of DQI (poor diet) reflects the importance of intervention measures aiming to improve the food pattern of these individuals...
Evaluar la asociación de medidas antropométricas,composición corporal, bioquímicas y consumo alimentarioen individuos con exceso de peso.Métodos: Estudio del tipotrasversal, con muestra de conveniencia constituida de 31 individuos con edad entre los 19 y 59 años. Fueron realizadas evaluaciones antropométricas, bioquímicas y el análisis de la composición de la dieta. Después, fue calculado el índice de calidad de dieta (ICD). En el análisis estadístico, la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk verificó la distribución de las variables, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U las diferencias entre las variables y la correlación de Spearman/Pearson rastreó la asociación entre los valores. Fue adoptado un p con el 5% de probabilidad. Resultados: El análisisde la composición de la dieta permitió observar una media de consumo por encima de las Dietary Reference Intakes para carboidrato (323,31±33,11g), proteína (80,15±29,84g), lipidio(77,42±31,87g) y sodio (2896,99±1119,05mg). Los valores para el IQD variaron entre 2 y 12 puntos, presentando valor medio de6,5±2,2. Fueron encontradas correlaciones entre el IQD y pliegacutánea suprailiaca, colesterol total, y LDL-c (mg/dL), entre otras.Conclusión: La muestra estudiada presentó un perfil de ingestaalimentaria constituido por alimentos ricos en carbohidratos, lípidos y sodio. La elevada media de la puntuación del IQD (dieta pobre) refleja la importancia de medidas de intervención con elobjetivo de mejorar el patrón alimentario de esos individuos...